Tkam Theme Essay Free Essays

Kiah Lyons Mrs. Farrands Honors English II 30 October 2012 As kids, we are instructed essentially that something whether it is an individual, article, or conviction is just positive or negative. We can characterize or recognize what is positive or negative utilizing three sources. We will compose a custom paper test on Tkam Theme Essay or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Commonly our convictions are principally founded on what our family says. Society additionally has a huge job in our perspectives too. In the case of something is illicit, prohibited, or even disapproved of by society it is viewed as awful. In any case, saying something is worthy or not satisfactory is something totally not the same as what our activities state. Numerous guardians utilize the platitude: Do as I state, not as I do. Once in a while we realize something conflicts with what is correct or against or ethics however we do it notwithstanding. Scout sees that in many occurrences; what those in her family unit advise her, what society advises her, and what her family and society does not all agree. This is apparent while dissecting two fundamental subjects of the book which are race and Boo Radley. Atticus consistently tells Scout and Jem the significance of rewarding minorities individuals similarly if worse. While conversing with Mr. Raymond, Scout reveals to him that Atticus advised her â€Å"cheatin’ a shaded man is multiple times more awful than cheatin’ a white man, Says it’s the most exceedingly terrible thing you can do† (Lee 205). While guarding Tom Robinson, Atticus told the court: â€Å"The truth is this: some Negroes lie, some Negroes are unethical, some Negro men are not trustworthy around ladies dark or white. In any case, this is a fact that applies to mankind and to no specific race of men† demonstrating his solid conviction of fairness among all men regardless of what their skin shading might be (Lee 208). Despite the fact that Atticus emphatically has confidence in the statement from Thomas Jefferson that â€Å"All men are made equal†, Aunt Alexandra would in general have an alternate point of view with respect to hued people (Lee 208). This is firmly clear in the manner she treats and discusses Calpurnia. At the point when Aunt Alexandra first showed up, rather than a cheerful welcome she discloses to Calpurnia immediately â€Å"Put my pack in the front room, Calpurnia† which shows that Aunt Alexandra sees Calpurnia of an alternate class and has no regard for her. Auntie Alexandra objected to for all intents and purposes everything that Calpurnia did, and on the off chance that it could be maintained a strategic distance from, she didn't need Scout and Jem investing any additional energy with her. In spite of the fact that Scout anticipates going to Calpurnia, Aunt Alexandra isn't partial to the thought, and really urges Atticus to fire Cal. She trusts Cal is anything but a decent job mole which drives her to advise Atticus to â€Å"face it at some point or another [†¦] We don’t need her now† (Lee 138). Auntie Alexandra felt that in light of the fact that Calpurnia was dark, she was not fit as a mother figure, and permitted her presumptions about blacks influence her perspective on Calpurnia. All through the mid year, Jem, Scout, and Dill love to reenact Boo Radley’s life and mess around which incorporate meddling with the house, which Atticus doesn't support of. At the point when he got the children he revealed to them that â€Å"what Mr. Radley did was his own business. In the event that he needed to come out, he would† (Lee 50). In spite of the fact that the remainder of his family might not have indistinguishable convictions from Atticus, he takes exceptionally his guidelines and ethics of rewarding men of numerous types and hues with deference and balance. Unmistakably Maycomb’s society doesn't concur with Atticus protecting Tom Robinson. Scout doesn't understand that she would confront this resistance until a couple of individuals from Maycomb offer comments about Atticus to her, not having the guts to express anything to Atticus’ face. In school, Scout faces her first resistance from Cecil Jacobs when he says: â€Å"Scout Finch’s daddy guarded niggers† (Lee 77). Indeed, even a portion of her family opposes Atticus guarding Tom. Francis, just rehashing what his grandma says, reveals to Scout that Atticus â€Å"is a nigger-lover† and â€Å"we’ll always be unable to walk the avenues of Maycomb agin. He’s ruinin’ the family†, which obviously prompts Scout punching Francis (Lee 85-87). Passing by Mrs. Dubose, Scout and Jem get a greater amount of the standard badgering when she says offers a stooping comment about a Finch â€Å"in the town hall lawing for niggers† and that Atticus is â€Å"no better than the niggers and waste he works for† (Lee 105). With respect to Boo Radley, most everybody in Maycomb has an alternate story for Boo Radley and why he remains at home throughout the day. Stephanie Crawford even cases â€Å"she woke up in the center of the night one time and saw him looking straight through the window at her† (Lee 13). Jem said that Boo â€Å"dined on crude squirrels and any felines he could get, [†¦] his eyes popped, and he slobbered the greater part of the time†, clearly a story however nobody said anything extraordinary. (Lee 13). It would be simple for Scout to fall in accordance with what most of what individuals think so she would be acknowledged. The characters’ activities all through the book appear on the off chance that they in reality live by what they lecture. For instance, Atticus realizes that he will confront dissatisfaction guarding Tom Robinson. He reveals to Jack that â€Å"reasonable individuals go absolutely crazy when anything including a Negro comes up† (Lee 91). Realizing that he can't conflict with what he accepts, he guards Tom regardless of the restriction. He additionally safeguards Calpurnia when Aunt Alexandra speaks contrarily about her platitude â€Å"Calpurnia isn't going out until she needs to. You may suspect something, however I couldn’t have along without her every one of these years. She’s a loyal individual from this family and you’ll basically need to acknowledge things the way they are† later adding â€Å"She attempted to carry them up as per her lights, and Cal’s lights are truly acceptable ? furthermore, something else, the youngsters love her† (Lee 138). Atticus could have effectively taken his sister’s side, yet he truly values everything that Cal has accomplished for his family. Society accepts that individuals of color are of a lesser class which is the point of convergence of the Tom Robinson case. Despite the fact that Tom had more proof to demonstrate him blameless than the offended party needed to demonstrate him blameworthy, his race was what at last sentenced Tom. Atticus offers the expression before the court that the â€Å"case is certifiably not a troublesome one [†¦] It ought to have never come to preliminary. This case is as straightforward as dark and white† (Lee 207). As to Radley, nobody endeavors to put forth an attempt to face the wild bits of gossip, for example, that Boo â€Å" went out around evening time when the moon was down, and peeped in windows. When people’s azaleas solidified in a cool front, it was on the grounds that he had inhaled on them. † and the â€Å"Radley walnuts would murder you† (Lee 9). It was progressively critical to have a decent story, than to have the not all that exuberant truth. Their activities demonstrated their actual convictions. We can be shaped into acceptable individuals by taking the great and awful from each source, or we can be conditioned into one source. Each source has their advantages and disadvantages, which is the reason it is essential to think about what individuals state while taking other factors into consideration, before quickly adjusting their perspectives. In any case, we would all be able to take in things from our household’s convictions, what society says, and what peoples’ activities state. As we develop as a people and we gain understanding, we increase a superior comprehension of what is acceptable and terrible, good and bad. Step by step instructions to refer to Tkam Theme Essay, Essay models

Homeland Security Alert In Lax And Other State Airports Essay

To defeat the expanding fear based oppressors dangers in most business air terminals numerous nations have supported on their air terminals security both at home and abroad. Numerous nations particularly Western have encountered numerous psychological oppressor assault. This has constrained them to design on different alarm measures to control these assaults generally to their air terminals. Through Transportation Security Administration officials, Los Angeles have ventured forward to investigation their travelers and planes in their air terminal (Krikorian and Shogren, January 02, 2004). This activity has been persuaded by specific fear plot achieving more worry on regular remote control toys that are valuable in indicating psychological oppressors bombs. Flying experts in various nations have chosen conveying gadgets on lightweight suitcases. Travelers with remote control are dependent upon exceptional hunt. Remote control toys are the most gadgets utilized in remiss and different air terminals. Air travelers face elevated security which is equipped against conceivable pompous psychological militant assault. Los Angeles and different countrys government are doing everything to ensure their nation (Sauter and Carafano, 2005, p. 2). Transport Security Administration monitors in air terminals in significant urban areas like Los Angeles are accentuating on travelers screening and their dialects. There has been additional watchfulness with an intrigue to Los Angeles and different countries not to do without itinerary items in their air terminals than different vehicles. There is requirement for alarms in air terminals; this ought to be done through air marshals particularly on flights showing up from abroad and covert perception around air terminals. Lax as well as different air terminals have been on Å"Orange Alert  (Oldham, January 23, 2004). There are numerous spots that contends Los Angeles in their latent capacity targets both representative and considerable. For better assurance against fear based oppression in air terminals the primary avoidance of the assault, consistently there ought to comprehend of the defenselessness that means danger. Co-planning of hostile to psychological warfare endeavors among nearby air terminals law implementation offices and Joint Terrorism Task Force has been adjusted in Lax. They have attempted as much as possible to plan and screen methods for forestalling fear based oppression (Byman, 2008, p. 75). Cameras to screen dubious action in air terminals with pilots finishing psychological oppression mindfulness preparing have been received in many air terminals. All air terminal representatives have been prepared on security strategies with police expanding their watch. Gas identification framework has been improved to distinguish organic and concoction harmful. In aircrafts cockpit entryways and train entryways has been received. There is additionally screening of travelers and their gear. Los Angeles has recognized potential offices on fear based oppressor assaults and set up security plans. Various organizations through FBI, police divisions and sheriff have collaborated to make Joint Regional Intelligence Center in which they can gather, share and examine knowledge information on fear based oppression. Increasingly hostile to compound suits are required to shield air terminals from synthetic assaults (Hutagalung, November 29, 2008). There is nearby law authorization and fire organizations which utilizes diverse radio frameworks. Los Angeles has not set up a thorough arrangement on emptying huge number of individuals if there should arise an occurrence of substance or atomic assault. There is PC programming that records routine area and canine hunt at air terminals. Police offers information on potential psychological militants targets and relative hugeness. These information is liable to change incase of security penetrate or dubious movement (Oldham, January 23, 2004). End Like different air terminals, careless has been dependent upon government rules ordering boundaries border around all offices. A group for dealing with country security has been built up joining various organizations. Improvement of security in interchanges, transportation and open framework utilities have extended capacity of various nations in identifying and reacting to fear mongering. They have better prepared the individuals who are approached for first reaction in defiled condition. Remiss and different air terminals have fixed their security in light of psychological oppressor. They have raised security cautions to the most elevated conceivable level as a sign that fear based oppressor assault are coming up. A few measures are obvious and others are definitely not.

How To Support A Book Or A Favorite Author For Little Or No Money

How To Support A Book Or A Favorite Author For Little Or No Money I have a new book coming out in October. While I feel I have talked about it nonstop, I still find many people I know or who are familiar with ask me about it and are surprised to learn its happening so soon (the book is called Dont Call Me Crazy: 33 Voices Start The Conversation about Mental Health  and is an anthology that features essays and art about mental health). This is only made more complicated because, as someone who works in a world of books, Im always working months ahead of time when it comes to reading. But what about when a book is coming out in a couple weeks or hit shelves in the last few days, weeks, or months? Ive put together a handy little guide to how t0 support a book or favorite author. This guide is meant as a way to spread the word about a book you love or you want to get more attention, and all of the tips are pretty easy and straightforward. Some will cost you a little bit of money while others are completely free and will cost little more than a few minutes of your time. Whatever your investment, here are a few ways for how to support a book or favorite author. Preorder The Book Youve likely seen authors talk about preordering their book. Preordering is simply placing an order for the book through your favorite retailer before the book is published. Some places guarantee that whatever the lowest price the book comes to between the time of order and publication date is the price you pay, so it doesnt matter if you want to get it a little cheaper. Why does preordering matter? Books that are sold during the first week of a books publication show to a publisher there is interest in the title. Those preorders are counted toward first-week sales, so it can give a huge boost to a title when many orders are placed before the books publication date. If theres interest in a book and its shown clearly from the start, the chances of your favorite author getting another book deal increases. Its also possible that with an increase in preorders through bookstores, more copies of that particular title or that authors titles may be available in store. More in store placement of books means the chances of the book finding a new readership increase. As much as everyone wishes that every book were in bookstoresâ€"independent or chainâ€"its simply not the case. Poke around here to learn a little more about how and why preorders matter. Cost:  The price of the book. Request The Book Be Purchased For Your Library Many public libraries have forms either on their website or in person which allow you to recommend books for their collection. If you do a search of the library catalog and notice a new or upcoming title isnt listed, drop a recommendation. To make this process as seamless as possible, when you submit the request, make sure to include why. Note the authors previous books, and include book reviews for the new title if you have them (places like Kirkus Reviews have their reviews online and often, theyre published weeks or months in advance of the book). You might also find it worthwhile to explain that you read the book and loved it and think readers who like a certain genre or similar author might, too. Theres no guarantee the book will be purchased by the library, but it will show interest to the purchasers. This gets the book on their radars to look up. In my own experience working in libraries, so long as someone wasnt abusing the systemâ€"requesting a ton of titles all the time, requesting their own books, etc.â€"I tended to purchase all books requested, since I knew theyd be borrowed by at least one person. Cost:  Nothing but a little of your time! Borrow the book from your local library One of the tools that librarians use when making purchasing decisions is the circulation records of previous titles. This is why every James Patterson book is on standing order; his books circulate very well, and thus are automatically purchased when a new book comes out. If you love a book or an author and prefer to borrow, rather than buy, books, take the time to get it from the library. The librarys purchase and your borrowing  do  make a difference to an author or a book. Although its not always guaranteed, if you are able to put a hold request on a book before its available, that might help libraries make a decision of whether or not to purchase more than a single copy. Books which are showing a lot of activity, like multiple holds on a single copy, suggest that the popularity and interest is there and the library should consider purchasing another copy or two to fulfill the interest. You may think that not buying the book and instead relying on the library doesnt help a book or author. But it does! Libraries make a huge difference for those books and authors. Cost:  Nothing but your time (and maybe overdue fines if you, like me, are terrible about due dates). Attend An Authors Event Is your favorite author having an event thats easy for you to get to? Take the time and go. Its not always easy to do, but if the means are there, take advantage. A packed audience for an event is a sign to the bookstore that theres interest in the authorâ€"as well as similar authorsâ€"and thus, they may have the opportunity to return with future books. Its not always necessary to buy the book when you attend an event, though its always nice to purchase  something  when you attend an event. Buy a cup of coffee in the cafe, a cool pair of socks from their sideline items, or even a book that youve been meaning to buy. This is not necessary, but it is a nice thank you to the store for hosting the event. Of course, if you can buy the authors book, do that. Consider gifting it to a friend or family member if you dont need it because youve already preordered it or because youve borrowed it from the library. Also? Authors love looking at an audience of people there to hear about their work. Your presence is welcome, and know that when you talk with them afterward or ask a question during the QA portion of the talk, theyre so thrilled to hear from you.  You  are why they have the opportunity to be there, and that doesnt get forgotten. Authors list their events on their websites, as well as across social media. But you can also keep an eye on local bookstores for their upcoming events and attend those that sound even remotely interesting to youâ€"you may discover a new favorite by simply taking the chance. Plus, its fun to get out of the house for an hour or two in the middle of the week if you can. Cost:  Whatever you choose to purchase from the event. Leave Reviews on Consumer Websites Have you seen the meme circulating about how, when a book reaches 50 reviews on Amazon, its included in more of their promotional materials? If not, take a peek over to the left. Its hard to determine if thats true or not, but I can say from my own book writing experience that once I hit 50 reviews, I definitely saw my book popping up in more of the You might also like features other similar books. If youve loved a book, one of the most powerful things you can do is drop a review on consumer sites like Amazon, Barnes Noble, Chapters, Target, Walmart, and more. These reviews are super helpful for browsers considering a purchase, and even something as simple and straightforward as This book was excellent, and I would recommend it for people who like books that are (insert genres or styles) or television shows like (name show). If you write one review, you can copy and paste it across a couple of different sites. One of the tips I have from doing this is to spend 10 minutes once a month drafting a few reviews of recent reads and then dropping them all at once. This makes it part of a habit, and its one that doesnt require much time. If youre feeling really motivated, you can drop reviews on places like Goodreads or your librarys catalog, too. Those help people find a book and consider whether to buy or borrow it. Cost:  A few minutes of your time. Recommend the book on social media, your favorite blogs, and to friends in person looking for a good book Do you use social media or keep a blog? Writing about the books or authors you love or sharing short reviews and images really does make a difference. It gets the book on radars of other readers, as well as those who might not generally call themselves readers but like  you  and are therefore intrigued. One of the things thats worth doing is seeing if theres a hashtag related to the book. Many publishers and authors choose a hashtag for the book, and if its not on the book itself, do a quick search to see if theres a hashtag with the books title or the authors name. When you do something on social media with the book, include those tags. Itll help your voice be amplified and allow those who find out about the book from you an opportunity to discover more about the book. Never overlook the power of talking about the book to people you know, too. In the course of a day or week, its likely that if people know youre a reader, youll get asked for a good book. Heres your chance to highlight a recent favorite title or author and spread the word. The same principles that make consumer reviews powerful are those which make your personal recommendation in your own personal spaces powerful. Maybe even more so, since your name and face mean something to the people who care about you, and your seal of approval for something means just that much more to them (Think about it: you might peruse reviews of a place to get your car fixed for hours, but if your best friend says she loves a certain shop, you are more likely to go to that shop than the one which had 100 five-star reviews). If writing reviews on your blog or on social media isnt your jam, think more creatively: share quotes from the book youve loved or simply take a picture and share it. Maybe youd like to connect it to a favorite TV show or song and talk about how and why they remind you of one another. Be as creative as youd likeâ€"every voice matters in getting the word out, and sometimes, its those creative, clever things that can have the most power. Perhaps you wont convince someone to buy the book for themselves, but you might convince them that its a book someone they know would love, ultimately leading them to gift it to someone else. That is power. Cost: Your time! None of these are brilliant suggestions for how to support a book or favorite author, but theyre all tried-and-true strategies. Theyre real, tangible ways you as a reader and book lover can do work that makes a powerful and lasting difference. If youd like even more ideasâ€"including plenty of creative ones!â€"check out our previous post on 99 ways to get the word out about a book.

Per Business Insider, Forty-Two Million Prostitutes Work

Per Business Insider, forty-two million prostitutes work in both legalized and illegalized countries. Many countries have taken different legal paths to deal with prostitution. These paths include; prohibition, making all forms of prostitution illegal; legalize, making all forms legal; and decriminalizing, normalizing prostitution. The debate of how to handle prostitution cannot be discussed until prostitution is understood. The Merriam-Webster dictionary describes prostitution as â€Å"the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.† Prior to the nineteenth century, prostitution in the US was legal in red light districts, zoned areas where there was little conflict between communities and businesses, and the†¦show more content†¦As the policies currently stand in the US, no health requirements for prostitutes are in place and this damages public health. The justice system assumes that deterring people from participating in prostitu tion will prevent the spread of sexual transmitted diseases but this is not the case and has not always been the argument against prostitution. In an article called â€Å"Why is Prostitution Criminalized? An Alternative Viewpoint on the Construction of Sex Work,† by Rebecca Hayes-Smith and Zahar Sherkarkhar, researches argue that before the nineteenth century the debate was based on moral grounds, but after the nineteenth century it was shifted to the medical issues. It is especially interesting that, â€Å"At the time doctors urged the government to regulate and license prostitution so that prostitutes would be required to take medical exams,† because medical professionals were only wanting exams while the government pushed that illegalization was the only way to prevent the spread of STDs (Smith and Sherkarkahr 45). Nonetheless, protecting prostitutes and clients from STDs is a big concern in all countries but illegalization is not the way to protect the public. In an article â€Å"What to know about Nevada’s legal brothels,† by Michael Martinez, he discusses the different health regulations that brothels in Nevada abide by. It is noted that, â€Å"The state board of health requires sex workers to undergo testing for sexually transmitted infections. Monthly blood testing isShow MoreRelatedSame-Sex Marriage and Religion: An Inappropriate Relationship8330 Words   |  34 Pagesin our society over many years now, appearing in several ballot initiatives such as California s Proposition 8. The idea of allowing two people of the same gender to enter into the institution of marriage has brought out drastic emotions and reactions from many different groups of people. Those who engage in the debate believe strongly in their convictions; the two loudest voices tend to come from the gay community and the religious community, the former arguing in favor of same-sex marriage andRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |   468 Pagesclub management became nervous. I was their biggest investment ever, and I didn t feel good in the new lineup. I was too expensive not to feel good. Txiki Begiristain, the sports director, was pushing me; he said I had to speak with the coach. Work it out! I didn t like it. I m a player who accepts the situation. But sure, fine, I did it! A friend of mine said Zlatan, it s like if Barca bought a Ferrari but are driving it like a Fiat, and I thought, yeah, that s a good argument. Guardiola

The Ethical Dilemmas Of Euthanasia Essay - 2007 Words

This chapter discusses the literature currently available on the ethical dilemmas of euthanasia and PAS that have arisen in Canada since its legalization. This Literature Review is organized into six sub-categories: (1) the law (2) medical issues (3) patient capacity and autonomy (4) expenditures: palliative care vs. assisted suicide (5) family (6) ethics. This review will offer a foundational understanding of the practices of euthanasia and PAS and defining the various dilemmas that have arisen for medical professionals under the new Canadian law. The literature gives the acronym for euthanasia/ physician assisted suicide as PAS or EAS, and these terms can be used interchangeably. The Law Euthanasia in Canada distinguishes between passive euthanasia, which is the withholding or withdrawing of life-preserving procedures including water and food, and active euthanasia (intentionally killing a person to relieve pain). Passive euthanasia or medically assisted suicide is legal in Canada, as of June 2016, while active euthanasia remains illegal (Chochinov, 2016). Assisted suicide was previously prohibited under the criminal code as a form of culpable homicide (Beschle, 2013; Schafer, 2013). The prohibition was overturned in a February 2015 decision by the Supreme Court in Carter v Canada (Chan Somerville, 2016), which ruled that adults with grievous and irremediable medical conditions are entitled to PAS. The ruling was stayed by the court so as to allow time for theShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Euthanasia Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ethical Dilemmas of Euthanasia in Canada with the Legalization of Physician-Assisted Suicide This systematic analysis of the professional literature will explore the ethical dilemmas that Canadian medical professionals face while considering euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide, the latter of which was made legal in Canada on June 17, 2016 (Chochinov and Frazee, 2016). This paper will discusses the conflicts that healthcare professionals are faced with when looking at the quality of lifeRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of Euthanasia761 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ethical Dilemma of Euthanasia An incredibly controversial issue clouds the minds of millions of people everyday as death confronts them. The problem revolves around the ethics of euthanasia. Should medical assisted suicide be outlawed in all situations or under certain circumstances, could it be considered ethical? Do humans violate nature’s course with science and advanced technology by playing God? Why should doctors and families witness their loved ones suffer when the solutionRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1085 Words   |  5 PagesBenchmark Assignment: Ethical Dilemmas Euthanasia is most commonly known when used to put down an animal. What about using euthanasia on humans that wish to end their life due to medical reasons? According to Merriam-Webster’s online Dictionary, euthanasia is â€Å"the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy† (n.d.). This practice is also known as assisted suicide. InRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1493 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemma: Euthanasia Euthanasia has always been a common topic especially a debatable one talking about allowing patients who are suffering from any incurable disease or condition or even in an irreversible coma to choose to end their live on their own terms painlessly. The following will discuss a specific case and analyzed using the Christian worldview. Since the moral debate of euthanasia is such a topic of controversy, potential solutions towards the issue, and how such solutions can beRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesto put many peoples situations into context when it comes to the debate of euthanasia or assisted suicide. The ethical dilemma in this case is that of Lecretia Seales request to die of assisted suicide in 2015. This deals with a current issue not only as Seales’ appeal to the New Zealand high courts for law change in relation to criminal law declarations which was placed last year but also as the debate on whether euthanasia should be legal in New Zealand, which has been thrown back and forth in parliamentRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia Essay1905 Words   |  8 Pagessuffering and extreme pain her patients endure on the daily. In this paper we will discuss the ethical dilemma of euthanasia and how it affects the nursing profession, along with the moral issues pertaining to the dilemma. What is the Ethical Dilemma? (Tirsit) Before passing moral judgment on this issue it is imperative that the true definition of euthanasia is stated to shine clarity on the matter. Euthanasia is formally defined as the administration of drugs to a patient with the precise intentionRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1136 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment: Ethical Dilemmas The world is a place full of black and white along with so much gray. Many people who have heated debates usually have them on topics related to ethical dilemmas that range from abortion to politics to religion. No one ever agrees on everything all of the time which can leave a lot of issues unresolved or ignored. Most of the time a person and their worldview determines what they consider is an ethical choice. This paper will cover the ethical dilemma of euthanasia and howRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Euthanasia1764 Words   |  8 PagesBenchmark – Ethical Dilemmas The issue of euthanasia is a dispute that has been around since the late 1800’s (Dowbiggin,2003). The act of euthanasia or mercy killing is a debated ethical dilemma that some believe to be morally wrong. While circumstances can differentiate a person’s justification, there is always another perspective to consider where euthanasia is involved. In my paper I will dive into Case Study 2, which deals with the discussion of euthanasia according to the Christian worldviewRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Voluntary Euthanasia1125 Words   |  5 Pagesto consider the serious ethical dilemma of voluntary euthanasia. Is euthanasia murder or a justifiable suicide? Our approach and opinions to this sensitive ethical dilemma is sharply contrasted based in our convictions and ethics derived from our own personal worldview. I will evaluate and examine euthanasia’s ethical dilemma according to my Christian worldview and compare the moral rules, right or wrong, that many believ e, allowing man to suffer is immoral. Ethical Dilemma Joni is a young adult whoRead MoreEuthanasia: An Ethical Dilemma Essay1810 Words   |  8 PagesThe ethical debate regarding euthanasia dates back to ancient Greece and Rome. It was the Hippocratic School (c. 400B.C.) that eliminated the practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide from medical practice. Euthanasia in itself raises many ethical dilemmas – such as, is it ethical for a doctor to assist a terminally ill patient in ending his life? Under what circumstances, if any, is euthanasia considered ethically appropriate for a doctor? More so, euthanasia raises the argument of the different

Effects On Support Networks Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Discoursing about sexual wellness in older people is a hard subject in both professional wellness attention and patient because most aged people might experience abashed. Besides they would prefer physicians to present about sexual issues to them instead than they discuss it by them self. In this essay will place definition and history of gender in aging people. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects On Support Networks Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recent statistic, physical changed and affects older individual ‘s life styles psychological and other are explained. Some support services are recommended. Sex in senior groups are focused because most immature people still misunderstand about sex and gender in older people lives. Definition and History Definition of gender is an ability of people to hold feeling and give love to each other to develop and hold a positive mentality about sexual activity. In add-on, responsible determination about physical, emotional and societal facets should be made ( Henry and McNab 2003 ) . History In an earlier common stereotype and myths which, people assumed that when a natural physical and emotional of older people have changed they lost sexual desires and they do non hold ability to do love and have sex any longer. Besides it was hard to discourse openly among physician and patient ( Henry and McNab 2003 ) . However, sex and gender among senior groups have become more widely discussed than the past, written by Gott ( 2004 ) . Recent Statisticss A 2007 study of sex older among grownups reported in Lindau, et Al. ( 2007 ) involved over 3,000 work forces and adult females. Its figures show that 73 % of older grownups aged 57 to 64 were sexually active. 53 % of those aged 65 to 74 were so, whilst merely 26 % of those between the ages of 75 to 85 were sexually active. The study besides showed that it was non merely healthy work forces ( 81 % ) and healthy adult females ( 51 % ) who were being sexually active in the old 12 months but 47 % of work forces and 26 % of adult females in hapless wellness were besides sexually active. Furthermore, older people in the 50 – 70 age group seem to hold more sex spouses and likely to travel back to dating than the last decennary. In add-on, Australian survey was reported from the mid-1990s of age 80, 8 % of adult females and 29 % of work forces were still holding sex. ( Minichiello and Hawkes 2011 ) . Furthermore, Lindau, et Al. ( 2007 ) besides found some aging people suffered from sexual jobs, the most common being erectile troubles in work forces ( 37 % ) and low desire ( 43 % ) , vaginal waterlessness ( 39 % ) and inability to culminate ( 34 % ) among the adult females surveyed. In add-on, less than 50 % both work forces and adult females had discussed sex with a doctor since they had become 50 old ages old. One surprising statistic found by the same writers was that sexually transmitted infections have been increasing among those of older age. Somes and Donatelli ( 2012 ) study that human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) infections are increasing faster in the group aged over 50 old ages than group ages under 40 old ages during the period 2000 to 2009. Syphilis, herpes, chlamydia and venereal warts have besides seen the largest rates of addition among those aged 45 to 64 old ages during the same period. Physiology Harmonizing to My physician for a healthy Australia ( 2010 ) natural physical difference in organic structure form and size among older work forces and adult females can sometimes impact their ability to hold and bask sex. A study by Laumann et Al. ( 2005 ) of the sexual jobs among over 26,000 work forces and adult females aged 40-80 from 29 states found a scope of sexual jobs. One such alteration for both sexes is that is reasonably normal is that sexual rousing might happen less frequently and more easy. Work force may endure from erectile disfunction ( ED ) , which is the hard-ons tend to be less house, less seeds is ejaculated and necessitate more clip for subsequent hard-ons ( Henry and McNab 2003 ) . However Viagra and several medicines are available for work forces to execute or keep a sufficient hard-on for sexual activity. On the other manus, reduced degrees of estrogen among older adult females after climacteric may do some of them to see vaginal waterlessness ( Mayo Clinic 2011 ) . Besides, decrepit vagina contractions and lower organic structure engagement during climax might happen. Equally good as cause other emotional alterations associated with reduced sensitiveness, and response sexual libido ( Henry and McNab 2003 ) . Furthermore, a scope of chronic unwellnesss such as relate to the cardiovascular system, high blood force per unit area, diabetes, hormonal jobs, depression or anxiousness, and the side effects of some medicines and surgeries may besides do sexual trouble among older grownups. . Effectss on the Aged Sex effects in aged people, reported by Henry and McNab ( 2003 ) . Performance anxiousness and depression symptoms are common in both work forces and adult females in progress age. This is related to societal isolation and lead to loss of libido, which may do sexual disfunction or reduces sexual desire. Aged people feel guilty to hold sexual activity outside of matrimony. In add-on, widows or widowmans may experience blameworthy to get down a new relationship because they feel perfidiously. Although older work forces still have pleasant visual aspect crucial to their felicity, the feeling of wellbeing in adult females is reduced. As the consequence sexual activity in adult females has decreased earlier than work forces. Beside some older grownup experienced that the environment which they live might tie in with their sexual-life as good. For illustration, an aided life, long-run attention installation or nursing place, this is consequence to their privateness. Besides the unequal fig ure of sexes in aging people could increase the trouble for work forces and adult females to attach to and develop their relationship particularly with the opposite sex in those topographic points. Effectss on the Support Networks Changes in the gender of an older individual will besides hold impacts on others, particularly their spouse and carer. When people become older they barely to speak with each other about sex, even though they still enjoy or used to bask the sex ( Keutz 1995 ) . Some of aging people loss assurance because of their physical and organic structure form has changed. Besides the relationship go more strain related to endocrine degrees or emotional changed, it might greatly happen after climacteric which is related to desire of gender. Furthermore, some older twosomes might hold statement more regularly which could non merely cut down familiarity between their relationships but besides decrease their sexual desires. In add-on, professional wellness attention might see a trouble covering with temper swing of their aged patients. It can sometimes be difficult to understand why the older client is non get bying good with ripening, because alterations in gender are frequently non discussed at a ll ( Funnel, Koutoukidis A ; Lawrence, 2009 ) . Support services Support services associating to gender for older grownups are available both as books and online. For illustration, the book Sex Over 50 by Block and Bakos ( 1999 ) was written for the turning group of aging Americans who are looking for professional, practical advice on how to do the passage to deeper, richer, more sophisticated sexual relationships. Similarly, the book Sexuality, Sexual Health and Ageing ( Gott 2005 ) explains the issues and experiences that may happen in the sexual activities of older grownups. In footings of on-line resources, the American Psychological Association ( APA ) is the largest scientific and professional organisation psychological science supports in the United States. Their mission is to progress the creative activity, communicating and application of psychological cognition to profit society and better people ‘s lives ( American Psychological Association 2013 ) . Relevant web pages from their on-line resources include Clay ‘s ( 2012 ) â⠂¬Å" Later-Life Sexual activity † which outlines how to Assessing older people ‘s sex lives, Get the better ofing challenges and Coping after malignant neoplastic disease. In add-on, over 9,000 organisations together form the International Council on Active Aging ( ICAA ) , organizing professionals working for the benefit of older grownups in footings of their the retirement, assisted life, fittingness, rehabilitation and health ( ICAA 2012 ) . More locally, the Western Australian Center for Health and Ageing ( WACHA ) is an administration that helps back up and improves the lives of aged people, prevent the beginning of disenabling unwellnesss and happen better ways to handle the common diseases for them ( Western Australian Center for Health and Ageing 2012 ) . Relevant web pages from their on-line resources that relate to sexuality include its â€Å" Healthy Sex Life Not Merely for the Young † ( Western Australian Center for Health and Ageing 2012 ) . This is utile because this intelligence was explained about sexual activity in older people which is of import for immature people to understand about it. Decision In decision, this easy has shown that, gender is a capacity of experiencing love nevertheless in progress aged it hard to discourse between physicians and patients. Many people believed that when people become older their sexual desires are decreased and unable to do love any more. On the other manus, older grownups in both healthy and unhealthy over 50 old ages old were still sexually active. Nevertheless, physical changed such as organic structure form and size may impact their ability to hold sex. Some older work forces might endure from erectile disfunction besides adult females may see vagina waterlessness which related to sexual libido decreasing. Furthermore, some chronic unwellness may cut down ability to bask sex. Not merely physical changed but besides mood swing or depression symptom could impact aged people to hold a trouble sex-life. In add-on, sometimes it hard for wellness attention profession to understand older people as good. Many support beginnings and services are available for older people. How to cite Effects On Support Networks Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Othello Act 2 Summary

'Othello' Act 2 Summary Iagos evil plan begins to take shape in Othello Act 2. Our summary works through Act 2 scene-by-scene to guide you through the complex plot that drives Shakespeare’s Othello. Act 2 Scene 1 Montano the Governor of Cyprus and two gentlemen discuss the tempestuous weather which has defeated most of the Turkish fleet. A Third gentleman enters to decry the end of the war; â€Å"News lads! Our wars are done. The desperate tempest hath so banged the Turks that their designment halts.† He explains that a noble Venetian ship weathered the storm and Michael Cassio, Othello’s Lieutenant has arrived on shore. Cassio is said to be concerned about Othello’s ship which was caught up in the storm. Cassio enters concerned about Othello â€Å"O let the heavens give him defence against the elements, For I have lost him on a dangerous sea†. A sail is spotted at sea, the hope is that it is Othello’s ship; however, Cassio identifies the ship as Iago’s. On the ship are Roderigo, Desdemona and Emilia among others. Cassio explains to Montano about the marriage between Othello and Desdemona and his arrangement for Iago to provide for her shelter and protection. Desdemona enters asking about her husband, Cassio says; â€Å"The great contention of the sea and skies parted our fellowship†. Cassio introduces himself to Emilia, Iago puts his wife down by telling him that she talks too much he then goes on to say of women in general: â€Å"You are pictures at the door, bells in your parlours; wildcats in your kitchens, saints in your injuries; devils being offended, players in your housewifery, and hussies in your beds.† Iago is encouraged by the women to further develop his cutting and satirical use of ‘praise’ for their amusement. Cassio and the ladies go off as Iago ruminates on his plot to make Cassio appear to be having an affair with Desdemona. Othello’s trumpet sounds, he has arrived. Desdemona and Othello have a loving exchange of words and Iago says in an aside that despite their obvious love now, he will ruin their union. Othello confirms that the Turks are defeated. The group leave Iago and Roderigo alone on stage. Iago tells Roderigo that Desdemona is clearly in love with Othello, Roderigo refuses to believe it. Iago believes that Cassio does love Desdemona but that she loves Othello and acknowledges that Othello would prove to be a good husband to her. Iago admits to loving Desdemona too but not out of lust more out of revenge that because Othello ‘slept with his wife’ then he should sleep with his; â€Å"For that I do suspect the lusty Moor hath leapt into my seat, †¦And nothing can or shall content my soul Til I am evened with him, wife for wife.† Failing this, Iago wants to put Othello in to a jealousy so strong that he will not be able to trust his wife again. Iago will use Michael Cassio as Desdemona’s supposed suitor in order to get closer to Othello and to put Cassio’s character in to disrepute. Act 2 Scene 2 Othello’s Herald enters to read a proclamation; he invites the victorious soldiers to come and celebrate his nuptials with him. He encourages them to dance and feast and enjoy themselves. He blesses the isle of Cyprus and Othello. Continue reading by visiting our contents page  of scene guides to Shakespeare’s Othello.

Classical and Behavioural Approaches

Classical and Behavioural Approaches Outline This is an essay which compares the classical approach to the management and behavioral approach to the management. The paper is designed in such a way that first, there is an introduction followed by the body of the paper. The body of the paper discusses the two approaches in brief along with stating their criticism. Then a conclusion is made from the said discussion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Classical and Behavioural Approaches specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction The concept of management of people as an organized group must have existed ever since human beings started living in organized societies. History shows us that there have been many great empires and civilizations that have developed, grown, and decayed over a period of time. For an organized activity to be successful there should exist, elements of leadership and management. It can be said that some form of management might have e xisted over the years. But it is only during the later half of the nineteenth century that established principles and theories of management began to emerge. The early theories of management, often referred to as scientific were based on increasing productivity in a competitive economy fuelled by the industrial revolution. This approach in most cases treated people as machines without consideration of their feelings or not taking into account the fact that humans are complex beings. But ever since the shortcomings of a scientific approach became apparent a more human centric outlook developed. This viewpoint is referred to as the behavioral approaches, began to take into account that employees are motivated by factors other than money. Due to the importance of management with regard to an organization’s growth and success, it is important to understand the history of management theories. Growing levels of communication, travel, globalization, and free trade have made the mark et highly competitive and mangers should be aware of the complexities of management. They should be able to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches mentioned above. This paper is an attempt at explaining the two approaches followed by a comparative analysis of the same. The first section will discuss scientific management theories followed by behavioral approaches. A comparative analysis will be done next before concluding the paper. Classical approach to management Management principles as they exist today have been evolved over a period of time. Its emergence is not a phenomenon of the twentieth century only. Management, in one form, or other existed in the other social, political and economic life of mankind throughout the ages. It has grown along with other social, political and economic institutions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In olden days it existed in the form of personal leadership. When trade developed, with increasing out put of artisans, management of some type developed. However, the problems of management in those days were simple and capable of easy solution. Henry Fayol, F.W. Taylor and Max Weber contributed much classical approach of management. The classical period 1890- 1930 is considered as the classical period. This period is called as scientific management period because only during this period the contributions of F.W. Taylor and Henry Fayol furthered the causes of scientific management. Till then management was concerned only in terms of privileges, authority and obligations of ownership. However this period witnessed a great advance in the management practice and also the introduction of better and faster methods of production. The salient features of this period can be outlined as follows. Various methods were devised for utilizing human effort intelligently with a view to maximize the output with minimum waste. Work was planned and controlled. The organizational structure was thoroughly overhauled. Wage payment systems were made incentive-oriented so as to provide maximum motivation to workers. Contribution by different theorists The classical approach of management is enriched with the contribution by different theorists on different aspects of classical approach. They are explained below. F.W. Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth F.W. Taylor was considered as one of the greatest classical theorists of management and he is the father of scientific management movement. Taylor was one of the first theorists to introduce scientific management principles in management. According to Taylor, scientific management is the discovery of best method of performing a particular work under the existing conditions of knowledge and organizing ability. He also tried to develop the best and fruitful method of productivity in a given situation. The implementation of scientific man agement can increase the productivity as it uses the standardized tools and methods. The scientific management approaches focuses on the group efforts rather than individual efforts. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth also contributed much scientific management approach of classical theories of management. They helped Taylor in the development of scientific management principles. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth contributed much in designing the principles related to time study and motion study (Historical perspective on productivity improvement, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Classical and Behavioural Approaches specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Henri Fayol and Mary Parker Follet Henry Fayol developed certain principles which could be used in all management situations. The main contribution by Fayol includes he introduced the concept of division of industrial activities. He also contributed some essential qualities of an effective manager. He is the management expert who classified the management process in to different functions like planning, organizing†¦etc. He was the developer of 14 principles of managenet (What are the 14 Principles of Management, 2009). Mary Parker Follet attempted to interpret classical management principles in terms of human factors. She gave solution for managing the conflicts in the organizations. She also suggested that the managers should be ready to recognize the importance of group work and the manager should be a good co-coordinator. Max Weber – Bureaucracy Max Weber is another expert in classical approach of management. Weber was of the opinion that well established principles and practices were the best option for growth and productivity. Once the best practices are indentified they should be implemented and practiced without fail. He was also in favor of a high hierarchical structure with clear cut directions which should be followed to the letter. Cri ticism However in the development of management, scientific management stressed the application of methodology of science rather than individual wisdom and ability in the running of an industry. Critics of scientific management state that those who follow the scientific management viewed the business organization from extremely mechanical view and treated the worker as a rational profit maximizing element of the system. Thus scientific management, which is considered as the greatest among the classical approach is suffering from this kinds of criticism. Behavioral approach to management The industrial revolution and the growth of job opportunities resulted in a mass migration of rural population to the cities. The appalling working conditions brought about by scientific management and the general changes and liberalization in societies resulted in an approach that is more attuned toward the needs of workers other than their salaries and wages. â€Å"Several prominent theorists bega n to direct their attention to the human element in the workplace. Elton Mayo, Mary Parker Follett, Douglas McGregor, Chris Argyris, and Abraham Maslow were writers who addressed this issue by contending that increased worker satisfaction would lead to better performance† (Behavioral management theory, n.d.). The above list is not comprehensive and only illustrative of the change in approach. This section will focus on theories that had a strong impact in shift of approaches from a scientific one to a more humanistic approach.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Studies by Roethlisberger Dickson It could be said that the above two theorists were one of the earliest ones to view employees as humans rather than as workers. Their work is primarily a detailed chronicle of an earlier study, now known as the famous Hawthorne experiment. Their work does not have an individuality of their own, but is based on other studies including the one mentioned above. But what stands out is their identification of a factor they term as sentiments. The Hawthorne studies identified the concept of informal organizations to which the concept of ‘sentiment’ was added by the two theorists. According to Organ et al, sentiment is actually the attitude of the employee and if the sentiments are looked after well, productivity will increase. It can be said that â€Å"sentiments are the underlying dimensions of attitudes, values, and feelings that shape the informal organization† Organ, Podsakoff Bradley, p. 48). This study is not original in that s ense, but is a contribution to the humanistic approach present in behavioral theories. Elton Mayo and the Western Electric Hawthorne Works It is interesting to note that this study was done primarily to understand the effect of lighting (in the workplace) on productivity and not for non-financial motivation. The surprising result was that â€Å"those experiments showed no clear connection between productivity and the amount of illumination but researchers began to wonder what kind of changes would influence output† (Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne experiments, 2008). The validity of the study cannot be questioned because it was done over a period of five years starting in 1927. Six employees of the company were selected to participate in the experiment and they were provided with different working conditions that included better/poorer lighting, rest, lesser working hours and practically no supervision. The person in charge (supervisor) acted mainly as an observer rather than a taskmaster. Different combinations were tried out and most resulted in increased productivity. The surprising result was that productivity increased even after the girls were sent back to their normal working conditions. It became obvious that lighting was not a major factor in improving productivity. Mayo and his team at Harvard came to the conclusion that freedom (lack of coercion) and a sense of participation or belonging were the primary factors responsible for the state of affairs. Moreover, the girls had developed their own style of working rather than being forced to follow one as seen in the scientific approaches. The end result was that the world of management began to appreciate the human side of management as better when compared to a coercive approach. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow observed that workers are motivated by needs that are hierarchical in nature. He developed a standard set of needs where one fulfilled need will then lead to the next one. The hierarchy of needs are physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. Once the basic needs like food, shelter, and source of livelihood are obtained, the employee will seek job security and safety. Then comes social needs like companionship, sense of belonging, and a feeling to be needed in the organization. any aspect that enhances the ego like recognition and praise comes next (esteem needs). Once all these are achieved, the employee will look at the higher values like truth and meaning of life and existence. He will also be looking for contributing more towards society more than receiving from it. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y â€Å"Douglas McGregor’s Theory X/ Theory Y (first espoused in the early 1960s) is based to a great extent of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory from the mid 1950s† (Leonard, 2002, p.192). McGregor theorized two distinct worker attitudes that determine productivity namely X and Y. In the former scena rio, work is seen as a bother and hence the employee needs strict supervision and clear cut directions. They also tend to avoid responsibility, but are attracted towards the concept of job security. Observations about Theory Y are based on modern management principles. They welcome responsibility, do not like to be coerced, and are more attuned towards self-directed work. The concept of job satisfaction is also important. McGregor’s preferred model was Theory Y, but felt that it is more practical in small scale operations. Large scale operations (for example assembly lines) would be much better off using Theory X. Criticism Even behavioral approaches are not faultless. For example, they appear to be too rigid and cannot fully explain the complexity of human behavior. All the factors are pre-determined and it is assumed that all human emotions and needs fall within these parameters. Comparative study It can be seen that the behavioral approach is more advantageous and even pra ctical when the human element is involved. The scientific approach is fine when dealing with machines, but where employees are concerned, it is important to take into consideration factors distinct from compensation and income. Today’s managers need to understand both these concepts because elements from the two are present in management practices. For example, McDonald’s have a highly standardized set of work practices aimed at mass and efficient production. But they also have policies where worker motivation and job satisfaction is given importance. Moreover, concepts like lean manufacturing and just-in-time have their basis in scientific management principles. The concept of Kaizen or continuous improvement is an offshoot of the principles found in the scientific approach (Best, 2001, p. 113). Conclusion It can be seen that both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. The principles of lean production, continuous improvement, and just-in-time have their roots in the scientific approach. The importance of human resources management and department in organizations illustrate the importance of the behavioral or humanistic approach to management. It is essential that the diverse needs that motivate employees and bring about job satisfaction need to be considered in today’s management scenario. But workers also need to be controlled and an element of standardization be present in many processes. It can be concluded that elements of both approaches need to be present in today’s management practices. The factor that should be given more importance is the behavioral or humanistic approach to management. References Behavioral management theory. (n.d.). ArticlesGratuits.com. Web. Best, M. H. (2001). The new competitive advantage (p. 113). Oxford University Press. Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne experiments. (2008). Accel team development. Web. Historical perspective on productivity improvement. (2008). Accel team development. Web . Leonard, D. C. (2002). Learning theories, A to Z (p. 192). Greenwood Publishing Group. Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior (p. 48). SAGE. What are the 14 Principles of Management. (2009). 12Manage – The executive fast track. Web.

5 Free Alternatives to Microsoft Word

5 Free Alternatives to Microsoft Word 5 Free Alternatives to Microsoft Word Microsoft Word is the undisputed champion of modern word processing. Sure, some Apple fans are loyal to Pages. And Corel WordPerfect is still a thing. But Microsoft Word is the world’s most widely used word processor, found in homes, schools, and offices everywhere. What if you can’t afford or don’t like Word, though? Good news! There are other word processors available, so check out our list of five free alternatives to Microsoft Word to find a program that suits your needs. 1. Google Docs If any program can challenge Microsoft Word for its crown, it will be Google Docs. All you need is a Google account in order to write, format, and share documents. It’s also simple, free, and lets you download documents in multiple file formats, including DOC and DOCX. Google Docs is linked directly to Google Drive, too, so it autosaves your work with every keystroke. Another advantage of being online is collaborative working, as multiple users can edit a single shared document at the same time, saving the hassle of sending drafts back and forth. 2. LibreOffice Writer If you have used Microsoft Word for a while, LibreOffice Writer should feel reassuringly familiar. And if you’re one of those people who really hate the ribbon in MS Word, you may even prefer it! LibreOffice is, after all, a set of open-source programs that mimics the general appearance and functions of the Microsoft Office suite. Except it’s free. Which is always appealing. Currently, LibreOffice Writer offers most of the features and formatting options you find in MS Word. It uses the OpenDocument Format (ODF) file extension by default, but it also supports other documents formats, including DOC, DOCX, and RTF, so compatibility shouldn’t be an issue. 3. WPS Writer Part of the WPS Office suite, WPS Writer offers more in-built features than any other free word processor. The user interface is also closer to the modern version of Microsoft Word than most open-source word processors. Consequently, WPS Writer is ideal for those who want something as close to MS Word as possible without the hefty price tag. One notable downside is that the free version comes with adverts. These won’t bother you most of the time, but they will pop up when you use certain features (e.g., printing or exporting files). To get rid of the adverts in WPS Writer, you will have to upgrade to a paid version. 4. Apache OpenOffice Writer For Apache OpenOffice Writer, we can mostly point to the description of LibreOffice Writer above. They are similar in most respects, such as the user interface and features they offer. And this is because LibreOffice was originally based on the OpenOffice source code. Nowadays, some consider OpenOffice limited in some respects (e.g., it will let you save a document as a DOC file, but not as a DOCX file). But OpenOffice Writer remains one of the most popular, cost-free alternatives to Microsoft Word that you should try if LibreOffice isn’t quite to your liking. 5. Microsoft Word Online The last of our free alternatives to Microsoft Word is†¦ Microsoft Word. Well, to be specific, it is Microsoft Word Online, a free version of Microsoft’s word processing giant accessed via your web browser. This is great if you just want the basics, but it is a very limited version of MS Word. It doesn’t include advanced formatting options such as adding a table of contents, for instance. And while it supports DOC, DOCX, and even ODT files, it does not work with RTF files or other document formats. As such, this is mainly useful for existing MS Word users who need to work on a document when they’re away from their computer, as you can switch between the online and desktop versions easily. But if you’re looking for a professional word processor, you may need to pay for the full version.

Factors impacting domestic violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Factors impacting domestic violence - Essay Example The three studies that will be examined in detail in this paper are: Factors influencing identification of and response to intimate partner violence: a survey of physicians and nurses by Iris Gutmanis, et al., Resilience Among Children: Exposed to Domestic Violence: The Role of Risk and Protective Factors by C. Martinez-Torteya, et al., and The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: A review of the literature by S. Holt, et al. The studies show us that domestic violence is still readily available and rampant in today’s society. The article by Iris Gutmanis, et al. tells how domestic violence between intimate partners, especially against women, is becoming a serious health problem for the health care profession. Healthcare is raising its costs since each year more and more women and children are being hurt due to domestic violence. In the study done by Cecilia Martinez-Torteya, et al. shows us that domestic violence can be linked to various psycho logical problems. Also, it suggests that children exposed to negative situations, exposed to domestic violence, are more likely to develop problems that those not exposed to domestic violence are not likely to develop. In the study done by S. Holt, H. Buckley, and S. ... se studies show different aspects of how domestic violence can affect the familial values by the impacting factors and why some are affected and others are not. Thus, this paper will show what factors are impacting people to commit domestic violence. Methods Each study used different methods to find their results. They show different ways in studying how domestic violence affects children and women. They show what factors impact domestic violence through their various findings and how they affect the familial life. In the Gutmanis, et al. study, they used a mailing list from the College of Family Physicians of Canada to determine their sample size for the study. Their list included general practitioners as well as specialists employed in family practice, emergency medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and public health. Their sample was weighted by specialty/ primary interest was generated using SPSS. The sample size calculations indicated that 994 respondents would be required assumi ng that the following: a maximum acceptable difference between the population proportion and the sample estimate of 5%; with a 95% confidence interval; two-tailed tests of significance; and a 35% response rate; which is common for surveys of clinicians (Gutmanis, et al. 2007). And they pre-planned 1000 physicians and 100 nurses to participate in the survey. They used a 43 statement questionnaire that the respondents were to answer with two open ended questions at the end When doing the pre-analysis based on the two open ended questions, the two study investigators grouped the 43 items in two possible constructs (IG and CB). After their pre-analysis of the data, they reconstructed the questionnaire to where the score laid on a scale of 1-4. Also, this study included independent variables:

British Political History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

British Political History - Essay Example Political scholars exhibiting interest in this aspect have highlighted that the success of the conservative party was attributable to numerous factors that favoured the party in the 20th century. This paper will offer a critical analysis of the factors that contributed to the success of the party in the 20th century. A historical review of the party reveals that during the inter-war period, the conservative party proved to be the largest in the House of Commons. This was specifically in the period between 1918 and 1945. The party had the capacity to register majority votes as evidenced by the elections in 1921-1931 in which it emerged the second but garnered a majority vote of 8.65 million. During the 20th century, the party registered five victories and only two defeats. Interestingly, the victories were defined by massive majority votes. For example, there was a time when the party had 200 MPs margin compared to the second largest party. The success of the conservative party in the 20th century has been attributed to the proper foundation of Disraeli and Salisbury in the previous century. This historical review of the party serves to outline the party’s evident success in the 20th century. Numerous factors were critical contributors in ensuring that the party rose to its success (Pitchf ord 2011, p. 56). One of the factors that contributed to the success of the conservative party was its appealing foundation defined by impressive values as well as image. The founders of the conservative party associated it with conservative’s values which served to attract the support of many people. This led to the party’s massive social support which would later prove to be highly deep rooted and cohesive enough to bind the people. Notably, the values of any political party are key determinants of its success because supporters consider the values and the projected image before they can commit to the party.

Middle East Recovery Strategies after the Financial Crisis

Middle East Recovery Strategies after the Financial Crisis The global business crisis 2007 that started in USA has spread its impacts over the world and no countries economy is spared from its impact. We are aiming to test the willingness of five countries as a case study (Kingdom of Bahrain, Kingdom Saudi Arabia, State of Kuwait, Islamic Republic of Iran, and Republic Turkey) top overcomes the impact of this crisis. We an extensive research study about the economy status before, during and through the process of the recovery from the impacts of the crisis, and conducted two types of questionnaires to gather more information. As a result of our analysis, we found whose countries are actually willing enough to overcome the crisis and who arent. The countries we listed as unwilling to overcome the crisis should apply new strategies if they want to recover it. 1. Introduction Everyone nowadays, no matter what are their background, position or level of education have heard about the global business crisis (in which it includes financial and economic crisis), and felt its impacts in different aspects and on different levels.   It became the talk of the day.   The financial and economic crisis that was initiated in the USAs financial market in 2007 has casted its dark shadows all over the world through the international trade channels. This is because the national systems of almost all countries in the world are interlinked to the USAs market. What made this crisis to become a global phenomenon that is, rapidly and continuously spread from the USA to hit the economy of most countries is the direct link between many currencies to the US dollar. As the US dollar collapsed and hit the rock bottom, it ruthlessly dragged them down along with it.   By observing the US economy, we can see that there are many reasons that are the causes of this crisis. Most of them are related to their strategy; the mistakes in the monetary policy that came from the lack of the global balances and failure of financial regulations (subprime mortgages crisis, where banks encouraged irrational public support for housing investment giving estate loans without pledge).When loaners couldnt fulfill installments due to high interest rates, bankers took over those real estates and attempted to sell them. As this occurred a lot, supply exceeded demand causing huge decreases of prices of estates where the lack of liquidity creating financial crisis led to economic crisis. The global crisis has different levels of effects due to several aspects such as social, educational, financial, economical, political, health and so on. Some of these effects included low economic growth, high unemployment, disrupted international monetary systems, inflation, migration as governments tried to export unemployment elsewhere, etc.   Financial analysts suggested many solutions to o vercome this problem, such as: applying real democracy or thorough reform to existing democratic system,   democratize public service and local government, restructure of finance, extend the scope of financial market, create retail financial instruments to provide greater security to customers, re-specialize economies, reduce global imbalances, reduce income concentration, global governance reform and reeducate economists. A global downturn needs a global response. However, what actually is happening is that suggested and applied individual solutions came from decision makers of the developed countries which are focusing only on their own economics, leaving behind developing countries as victims to this crisis. It is easier for the developed countries to stand back on their feet due to the availability of liquidity, whereas, this is not the case with the developing countries. Our paper focuses on the willingness of five selected countries: Kingdom Of Bahrain, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, State of Kuwait, Republic Islamic of Iran, and Republic of Turkey to overcome this crisis. Well discuss the real steps taken by the governments and decision makers in these countries to conclude how effective these steps are. As a result, we will determine whether each of the selected countries have the ability and willingness to overcome this crisis. The aim of this paper is to point out to decision makers whether the mea surements applied in these five countries will help them to recover from this crisis or not and whether the decision makers adapt the right strategies or have to reconsider appropriate solutions. 2. Literature Overview Starting with a general overview of the Middle East impact, we see that the global financial and economic crisis has different levels of negative effects over some specific regions; the Arab region probably is one of the most badly exposed to its negative impacts. Even among this region itself, this can be divided into several groups according to their economic and financial situations. We can say that there is the oil producing countries group; its the group that has the highest GDP and the lowest unemployment rate, in which Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia belong to. Such countries got strongly hit by the crisis since they rely on the overseas investments, especially with the US and Europe (Drine, 2009).   The fall was severe for such countries since OPECs price of oil dropped down from $130 per barrel to $40 per barrel (Rivlin, 2009). This is one of the factors that had led to huge damages that we are going to discuss through this chapter; discussing the impact and reaction of t he Global Crisis 2008 over Bahrain, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia from the GCC. In addition to that, we are going to discuss the impacts and reactions of Turkey and Iran, in which Iran belong to the Middle East countries, but Turkey doesnt, but geographically, its located so close to it. For each country, we cover the situation before, as the occurrence of the crisis and then their attempts to overcome it according to points of view of different economists. Beginning with our own, the Kingdom Of Bahrain, we see that in the past 30 years, it has built its reputation as a financial services region hub (Ford, 2009). It proved to be more liable to the global banking finance in the region, about  ¼ of its GDP comes from the financial sector. 124 banks are established in Bahrain; 24 retail banks, 64 wholesale banks and 26 Islamic banks predominately investment banks. The blooming of Islamic banking is due to CBBs Central Bank of Bahrain which it placed much time and effort to attract new banks and firms, especially the Islamic banks (Matthew, 2009). Like most countries of the world, if not all, situations differed after it got struck by the crisis. As in October 9th 2008, the Prime Minister of Bahrain assured his highness King Hamad Bin Essa Al-Khalifa that the economy of Bahrain was safe because of the sound and clean financial and economic policies adopted by the government of Bahrain (IANS, 2008). However, this is not really the case as it showed later; some problems began to emerge as the result of getting hit by the crisis. Back in October 2008, about $2 billion loss was announced by GIB and ABC banks combined losses from investment that hit the subprime, which meant that Bahrain is one of the most exposed to the subprime assets (Matthew, 2009). In addition to that, Bahrains stock exchange closed down 2.70%, even though it is the least affected percentage among the key Gulf bourses. Some of Bahrains leading banks ( such as Investcorp that is listed by both London and Bahrain- got badly hit, it suffered a net loss of %511 million for 6 months at the end of Dec 2008). Lack of confidence was another problem; Rasheed Al-Maaraj (the governor of CBB Central bank of Bahrain-) stated that a lot of Banks have reported their results and we are confident about the quality of the banks, we do not see any problems yet on their loan profiles. Things have changed dramatically and one of the biggest changes, not only in Bah rain, but in the GCC and across global lack of confidence. Also, Bahrain got hit by the credit crisis not just in the banking sector, huge projects were delayed, such as Al Dur Power and Water project which was by GIS and KFH due to lack of finance, resulting in $2 billion losses (Ford, 2009).   As a natural response of any healthy business environment, the right thing to do is to find resolve those problems and overcome such obstacles. The government of Bahrain and CBB has introduced many measurements to minimize the downturn impact of the crisis. CBB has established a reform plan; it acted like a regulator to make series changes, and it seek to promote the country as an investment destination. Islamic Banking sector is a proposed key solution; this was highlighted by the Banker Magazine survey, which found that Bahrain has the biggest Islamic institutions in the world after the investment Dar of Kuwait (Ithmaar Bank, Arcapita Bank, Gulf Finance House and Islamic Company of the G ulf). (Ford, 2009).   In order to solve the lack of Confidence issue, the CBB aimed to offset the impact of capital outflows on liquidity by setting a scheme to allow banks to exchange their currency from US$ to Bahraini Dinars. However, this is not fully resolved since the Bahraini Dinar is linked to the US$. Sheikh Mohammed bin Essa Al-Khalifa (CEO of the Economic Developed funds) stated that The Major real estate development in Bahrain has been largely backed by Islamic banks and have not suffered from the most part of the credit crunch. In order to improve the credit flows, the banking sector was reformed and redesigned. CBB got involved with many investments and the creation of Islamic banks has increased their economical strength and power regarding their sustainability in long terms. (Matthew, 2009). So far, economists seem to be satisfied by the current economic situation in Bahrain. Moving to the west; to Bahrains good neighbor, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia. In general, the Arab countries have 20% of the whole worlds gas and oil, however, they are accounted for less than 5% of the worlds total exports of fuel (Rivlin, 2009).   The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the key oil producing Arab countries; it got blessed by and the economy bloomed after the discovery and production of oil, in which it started to have many huge investment and cash rich companies. As the crisis occurred and hit KSA in its way along with everyone else, the world witnessed a significant dropdown of oil prices, KSA had reduced their productions which led to affecting its oil revenue. This could mean the end of the current surpluses during the recent years. It also affected doing businesses with foreign companies that started to cost more and are no longer easily available as they used to be before the crisis. This had slowed down Saudi Arabias economic growth; caused delaying projects, and r esulted in the lack of confidence. In addition to that, long term policy issues in banking sector appeared; interbank rates had moved up sharply. Also, the stock markets have lost their attraction. Their %GDP had dropped from 28.4 in 2006 down to 24.9 in 2007. Their governments budget went under pressure, and noticeable inflation has appeared (Bourland, 2008). Apparently Saudi Arabias economy is relatively in a good shape, even after it got hit by the crisis and could easily adapt to the situation since they know what they should do, and   what are they going to apply. Mohammed Al-Jasser SAMAs governor- stated that: Our stimulus is mostly for oil production capacity enhancement and also large development projects were implementing. When the projects are finished, then we will reassess the need for additional spending. (Kuwait Times, 2009). SAMA- Saudi Arabia Monetary Agency- had lowered the repo rate and injected liquidity into the banks. One of the Saudi Arabias economical goals is based on completely shifting its focus of economic policy from controlling inflation to restoring confidence in the financial sector. Many companies in KSA are cash rich; thanks to their huge stock of assets, the government of KSA has an advantage over most countries in alleviating the impacts of extreme financial pressures caused by the crisis. The non-oil sector still has a chance for momentum growing, and thus, many projects can be carried out in spite of the existence of some obstacles. That caused, mainly, the limitation of access to higher costs that somewhat slows down the growth of private sectors than it was expected to be (Bourland, 2008). Also, KSA smartly had invested in large numbers in some upstream hydrocarbon projects to get more value from their oil. However, rather than completely relying their energy demands over oil and gas, they had investments in alternative energies so they can export more fuel (Rivlin, 2009).   Thus, based on that, we may assume that KS As economy is in pretty good shape. Going up to the north, there resides the State of Kuwait that once announced a five years $130 billion in an ambitious plan to grow its banking sector to be one of the financial centers in the GCC region before the business tragedy. However, lack of lucidity due to the global crisis, dramatic decrease of oil prices and having a rather poor business environment keeps Kuwait behind its rivals (which Bahrain is one of them). The banking sector in Kuwait has grown largely over the recent years, in which it increased from 2.3% of their nominal GDP in the late 80s to 11.8% GDP in 2007 (which is small compared to Bahrain). Kuwait relied on the high prices of Oil before the crisis occurred to rebus the private and public sector growth (BMI, 2008). The situation started to get bad once the crisis occurred. In 2008, as the global crisis occurred, Kuwaits banking sector fell down to 8.2%. The economy of Kuwait suffered and became under pressure, and the crisis raised interbank interest rates, w here the Central Bank of Kuwait considered this as a liquidity injection into a system. There have also been real estate curbs. (BMI, 2008). Kuwaits Gulf Bank suffered a total loss of $1.54 Billion during the same year. This forced the governments in the gulf to pump money into banks to salvage them (Drine, 2009). In addition to that, inflation reached 11% on June 2008, which was probably the result of the drop down of oil and commodity prices (EIU, 2008). Unlike the GCC currencies, the Kuwaiti Dinar is not paged to the US Dollar; therefore, due to its quasi-independence monetary policy, it shouldnt be dragged down by the US dollar. Sadly however, this flexibility only exists in theory.   Inflammation remained the same in Kuwait as the rest of the GCC. On Sept 23rd 2008, CBK Central Bank of Kuwait- stated to the press that theyll undertake the appropriate measures without hesitation. Itll provide necessary liquidity to any local banking institution. However, it didnt boost it muc h since there was low confidence in economy. It has also raised reserved requirements. The new suggested rule of limiting monthly loan installments from the previous 50% of borrowers salaries to 40% has controlled inflation. Kuwaiti Authorities tried to deal with inflation by active attempts to cut down the loan growth of late. It also has tried to urge lenders to restrict credit growth. (BMI, 2008). Also, the government institutions such as KIA -Kuwait Investment Agency- and the KPC -Kuwait Petroleum Corporation- in addition to the public Authority for Social security deposited their funds in some local commercial banks rather than holding them at the CBK. (EIU, 2008).   Yet, Is Kuwait going to be successful in overcoming the impact of the crisis? By November 2008, NBK National Bank of Kuwait announced a stunning 10.5% raise in 9 months profit, while the KFH (Kuwait Finance House) which is an Islamic Bank   has a 25% increase in profits for the same period of time (EIU, 2008) . Although Kuwait seems to have an opportunity in the banking sector and general business environment in the GCC, its three rivals are still ahead of it. It still has to make changes. However, Manaf Al-Hajeri General Manager of Kuwaits Financial Center Markaz- has a different point of view. He sees that within the next 10 years, the Middle East will still be highly attractive to banking investments, direct investments and asset management, thanks to its high sovereign reserves, favorable demographics and high house formations (MARKAZ, 2009). With such a contradiction in different point of views, the best way to get the accurate answer, to whether Kuwait is going to be successful in overcoming the impact of the global crisis is through an intensive field study. Our next stop resides to the east, The Islamic Republic Iran. Iran is economically isolated from the rest of the world, and thus, many people thought that Iran was secured from the global economic and financial crisis. But thats clearly not the case. The most critical issues that influenced Irans economy is that it heavily depended on the Oil revenues. As the oil prices searched the peak, Irans government was supposed to save a part of its income. However, it spent it all on subsidized lending, massive bank credits, imprudent social spending and substation imports. This phenomenon is known as the Dutch Disease. When the oil prices dropped badly due to the global crisis, Iran suddenly found itself facing a financial crunch. Also, the government of Iran controls more than 80% of its economy due to political reasons after the election of Ahmady Nijad which weakens its economy. In addition to that, the pressures of USAs government and its banks over Irans and the U.N. Security Council sa nctions made the situation even worse. In a healthy economy, the central bank should be independent from the government. However, this is not the current case in Iran, where Nijads government continues its interference in central bank affairs. (Amir, 2008).   As the crisis occurred, Irans economy had already suffered from many problems before the global crisis which made it more vulnerable to impacts of the crisis. Irans banks faced the same problems as its US rivals; they were severely hit by the crisis due to the non-repayment of house loans and that was caused by the decrease of the house prices which turned into the creation of the economic crisis. One of the signs of the impact in Iran is the 60% decrease in applying for constructing license and the complete stagnation in house trading. Abdoh Tabraizi, in a professional conference in Tehran University The Influence of Global Financial Crisis on Iran Economy stated that: the problem of the global economy accrued in Iran was du e to the decrease in house pricing. So, the people who bought the houses will not make their repayments and this happened because of the increase in food and petroleum prices (BBC, 2009). Due to the high dependency of Irans economy on oil revenue, it faced lack of liquidity as the oil prices dropped down, and its currency (the Toman) is facing a devaluation against the other currencies (Amir, 2008). The Republic of Iran denied the Global Crisis impacts over its economy and ignored all the economists warnings regarding its situation. It has no attempts in finding solutions to its current financial and economical situation (Amir, 2009). Leaving west to Europe, to the Republic of Turkey, where it actually faced an interesting event before the global crisis. In the years between 1990 and 2002, Turkey had experienced some very series crisiss that it had to confirm the Global crisis in 2007 through the stability of macroeconomic policies, structural reforms, social security reforms and employment packages that strengthen the financial sector giving it nowadays a strong economic structure compared to the past that could easily resist the impacts of the current global crisis. It had taken its lessons from the past and enabled them to be prepared for the global crisis. Therefore, since the first moment for the global crisis 2008 begins, it didnt touch Turkey very seriously. Turkeys banks didnt fail; all of the banks in Turkey could sustain themselves without any external support (Erdogan, 2009). As it got hit by the crisis from the day of 10 July 2007, in which it is the exact moment of the beginning of the crisis had affe cted Turkey seriously and until now it is still affecting it. Turkish currency showed the most resistance to the falling values comparing to the other currencies. It decreased only by 28% compared to the other currencies (e.g. 31%   Mexican Peso    Russian Ruble, 45% South Korean Won, 34% South African Rand, 40% UK à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤ ). (Erdogan, 2009). In other words, as Ayse Yuksel stated in an interview, Turkey is in a rather great shape compared to the USA, Europe and England itself, also had way less damage in funds and mortgages compared to the USA (Sakar, 2009).   As for the banking sector, instead of becoming a problem like other countries, it became a security value due to its previous experience (Erdogan, 2009).   Turkey had taken many steps to overcome the global crisis; mainly to prevent the liquidity problem. For example, the Turkish Central bank had taken decisions in order to support the markets and the internal demand through the implementation of the monetary p olicy; they took measurements to re-function the credit change in the economy. In addition to implementing temporarily tax reductions in certain sectors such as housing, automotive, electronics, etc, Turkey was able to successfully protect its employees. (Erdogan, 2009). Turkey had announced that there were no problems existed and no actions are warranted; and if were needed, it can inject liquidity into the market and attract the funds held by its citizens overseas account back to Turkey, that is, providing forging currency liquidity (Hurriyet Daily News, 2009). 3. Methodology The purpose of our paper is to determine the willingness and ability of decision makers in our selected five developing Middle Eastern countries to overcome the ongoing economic crisis. According to the nature of our research, we will follow two approaches for collecting the information needed for this research paper. We are going to distribute two types of questionnaires, one for decision makers (type 1) and the other for the public (type 2). Our target population will be selected from Bahrain and we will use quota sampling method of size 170 (70 for type 1 and 100 for type 2). The period for the distribution of the questionnaire will start from the month of November to December 2009. Also we will do an interview with a Bahraini decision maker. Secondly, We will gather information by conducting extensive studying of existing papers, journals and articles regarding our topic; analyzing and comparing all together to reach proper conclusions based on facts and numbers In Type 1 questionnaire, we will include questions in which we can extract from how the decision makers feel about the crisis and what are they going to do to overcome the crisis. And as for Type 2, we will include questions in which we can extract from how the public feel about the crisis and how they are affected by it; how they are going to measure the steps followed by the decision makers in their countries to overcome the crisis. In the two types, we will use quantitative and qualitative questions (from both types distributed) to get needed information to meet our goal. After distributing the questionnaire and analyzing the results using MS-Excel in addition to SPSS software, we will measure how the decision makers reacted towards the global economic crisis are. We have also collected further information by conducting an interview with one of the decision makers in Bahrain who works for a financial sector. 4. Challenges The most significant event in this decade is the Global Economic and Financial Crisis 2008, where no country was spared from its brutal hits and negative effects. After this crisis, economists categorized the countries into two main divisions: the rich countries that have the power to withstand the crisis due to having a huge amount of assets that plays the key role in the process of recovering the impacts of the crisis, whereas the other countries which are not rich, thereby considered poor or average countries are the main victims of the crisis in two aspects; firstly they dont have enough assets for their economy to get back to track. Secondly, the solution strategies taken by rich countries to overcome the crisis do not put them in consideration, keeping them the weakest link (Wade,2009), (Meyn et al, 2009).  Ã‚   This catastrophe, adaption to it and the attempts to recover from it, illustrated to the world the true essence of the health of each countrys economy. In addition to that, it showed how clever and serious the decision makers and governments are in dealing with it. On the other hand, it also points to intentions of decision makers.   We focused on the willingness of five selected Middle Eastern countries (The Kingdom Of Bahrain, Kingdom Saudi Arabia, State Of Kuwait, Islamic Republic of Iran, Republic of Turkey) how decision makers of these countries and governments are willing to recover from the impact of this economical crisis. What procedures have they taken and how successful will they are. Our selection is based on the different nature and situations of the economy of each of the selected countries, and their different political strategies and views. We spotlighted on the Kingdom of Bahrain in our paper by gathering data from the public and decision makes in Bahrain and conducting an interview with a chosen decision maker in order to obtain most accurate result as possible. In addition to analyzing and comparing the published articles an d journals .On the other hand when we consider other countries, we limit our data resources to the existing articles, papers and journals from different  Ã‚  Ã‚   sources to discover the most accurate data that we will build our result on. Thats due to time and geographical constraints.   As a result of this paper, we will categorize the selected countries into those who are willing to recover from the crisis and those who are not. Our main audience is the decision makers, who can take benefits of this paper in evaluating their decisions, adapt it, and change it to make better solutions. Also the public can use the result of this paper to know the correct economic situation of their country, and how their governments are honest in announcing the economic state and whether they are serious to recover from this crisis, as a result they may press on their government to make major steps toward making better solutions. Unfortunately, we have a very limited time to complete the paper while such a research requires much longer time for more accurate data collection. We are enforced to submit the paper by the end of December 2009. Also, we cant reach decision makers because they are hard to find in such a short notice. In addition to that, we are limited to do our questionnaire in Bahrain only due to the geographical limitation. We will try to expand the scope of the questionnaire to include the concerned countries using emails, internet and online technology. 5. Proposed Solution According to the nature of our paper, and the geographical and time constraints, in order to achieve our goal, we will apply two approaches for gathering and analyzing information. The first one will apply to all our selected countries in which it highly depends on comparing and analyzing each countries economists and decision makers statements to sold facts and numbers, including (GDP growth, Oil GDP growth, PCI inflation) which considered to be the most significant signs of the country economical situation,  Ã‚   from neutral international organizations -including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) -. As for the second approach that involves Bahrain only in which we contacted two types of questionnaires and an interview with a decision maker as an add up to the previous approach.   In order to identify whether the financial and economical situation in a country is recovering from the crisis, there are indicators (are known as Economy Indicators) that show whether its improvi ng, stable or turning down. Thus, our questionnaire and interview must be based on it. There are many indicators, but we will consider only on the important ones that are applicable to the business and economy to the countries that we elected. Some of the major indicators (Barnes, 2007, Investopedia ULC) include the following: Consumer Confidence Index (CCI): it shows how healthy the financial situation and determines the expenditures of economy by illustrating the spending power and confidences of consumers. Consumer Credit Report: it indicates the future spending over personal levels and it shows the changing amounts of outstanding loans on individuals. This includes (total debts, current annual rate of growth or decline, and total percentage of credit card delinquencies). It is considered as a major factor that helps to make more than the half of the total GDP. Consumer Price Index (CPI): is seen as a guide for inflation. It focuses on products that consumers buy and use on daily basis. CPI reflects the prices of goods in the markets, and its an important indicator in terms of moving the market and setting the monetary policy. Durable Goods: this involves high priced goods that last for three years, such as machinery, technology manufacturing, cars and other vehicles which indicates general economic expansions.   Employee Cost Index (ECI): it indicates the percentage of changes in employees salaries, bounces, and benefits in terms of wages per hours. It calculates the total cost of employees for a business. Employment Situation:   this indicates employment and unemployment rate. Its useful to understand the state of labor force.   This indicator could move the market dramatically. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): its an aggregate measure of the total economic production for a country. It is one of the most important indicators that illustrates the health of economy and, depending on it, prices of good and services are set in a certain country. It involve s personal consumption, investments, government expenditures, and the exports in a particular country. Existing Home Sales and Housing Starts: are two indicators that come in conjunctions, and this, illustrates the housing market in general. Those are long term indictors that show how many houses are sold. It deals with construction level, which means it shows also supply needed for it, and it shows the demand of consumers and comes in pretty handy in real estate markets. Money Supply: it is the amount of money floating around the economy and it is available for spending. It is controlled by the Central Bank of the country. Money Supply is based on how liquid the money is, which can directly affect economic growth and inflation. Mutual Funds Flows: this is an important concept in which to understand stocks and bond marketing. Non-Manufacturing activities: they involve service industries, such as telecommunications, in which they provide insight into the business area that may not be covered by other indicators. Product Price Index (PPI): its an index to the prices measured by the wholesalers, producers, and retailers that are considered the most powerful contributors to the consumer markets. The index comes in three levels: PPI Commodity Index that involves certain commodities such as crude oil; PPI stage of processing (SOP) Index where products are in an intermediate stage; and PPI Industry Index that involves the final stage and finished manufacturing of the products. And finally, theres the Trade Balance Report: it indicates the health of the economy of a country and its relationships with the rest of the world (Barnes, 2007). Our goal is to get a clear full view of the economy in a country. So, we designed two types of questionnaires, one for aimed for decision makers (type 1) and the other is aimed for the public (type 2), in which both questionnaires are based on economic indicators that we mentioned earlier. For both questionnaires, the methodology is CATI -Computer Aided Telephone Interview-, online form, paper forms, the framework timing is 2 21 December 2009, regarding samples, our goal is at least 69 for each type, our sampling method is quota, and our geographical coverage: Kingdom of Bahrain. In Type 1 questionnaire, we Middle East Recovery Strategies after the Financial Crisis Middle East Recovery Strategies after the Financial Crisis The global business crisis 2007 that started in USA has spread its impacts over the world and no countries economy is spared from its impact. We are aiming to test the willingness of five countries as a case study (Kingdom of Bahrain, Kingdom Saudi Arabia, State of Kuwait, Islamic Republic of Iran, and Republic Turkey) top overcomes the impact of this crisis. We an extensive research study about the economy status before, during and through the process of the recovery from the impacts of the crisis, and conducted two types of questionnaires to gather more information. As a result of our analysis, we found whose countries are actually willing enough to overcome the crisis and who arent. The countries we listed as unwilling to overcome the crisis should apply new strategies if they want to recover it. 1. Introduction Everyone nowadays, no matter what are their background, position or level of education have heard about the global business crisis (in which it includes financial and economic crisis), and felt its impacts in different aspects and on different levels.   It became the talk of the day.   The financial and economic crisis that was initiated in the USAs financial market in 2007 has casted its dark shadows all over the world through the international trade channels. This is because the national systems of almost all countries in the world are interlinked to the USAs market. What made this crisis to become a global phenomenon that is, rapidly and continuously spread from the USA to hit the economy of most countries is the direct link between many currencies to the US dollar. As the US dollar collapsed and hit the rock bottom, it ruthlessly dragged them down along with it.   By observing the US economy, we can see that there are many reasons that are the causes of this crisis. Most of them are related to their strategy; the mistakes in the monetary policy that came from the lack of the global balances and failure of financial regulations (subprime mortgages crisis, where banks encouraged irrational public support for housing investment giving estate loans without pledge).When loaners couldnt fulfill installments due to high interest rates, bankers took over those real estates and attempted to sell them. As this occurred a lot, supply exceeded demand causing huge decreases of prices of estates where the lack of liquidity creating financial crisis led to economic crisis. The global crisis has different levels of effects due to several aspects such as social, educational, financial, economical, political, health and so on. Some of these effects included low economic growth, high unemployment, disrupted international monetary systems, inflation, migration as governments tried to export unemployment elsewhere, etc.   Financial analysts suggested many solutions to o vercome this problem, such as: applying real democracy or thorough reform to existing democratic system,   democratize public service and local government, restructure of finance, extend the scope of financial market, create retail financial instruments to provide greater security to customers, re-specialize economies, reduce global imbalances, reduce income concentration, global governance reform and reeducate economists. A global downturn needs a global response. However, what actually is happening is that suggested and applied individual solutions came from decision makers of the developed countries which are focusing only on their own economics, leaving behind developing countries as victims to this crisis. It is easier for the developed countries to stand back on their feet due to the availability of liquidity, whereas, this is not the case with the developing countries. Our paper focuses on the willingness of five selected countries: Kingdom Of Bahrain, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, State of Kuwait, Republic Islamic of Iran, and Republic of Turkey to overcome this crisis. Well discuss the real steps taken by the governments and decision makers in these countries to conclude how effective these steps are. As a result, we will determine whether each of the selected countries have the ability and willingness to overcome this crisis. The aim of this paper is to point out to decision makers whether the mea surements applied in these five countries will help them to recover from this crisis or not and whether the decision makers adapt the right strategies or have to reconsider appropriate solutions. 2. Literature Overview Starting with a general overview of the Middle East impact, we see that the global financial and economic crisis has different levels of negative effects over some specific regions; the Arab region probably is one of the most badly exposed to its negative impacts. Even among this region itself, this can be divided into several groups according to their economic and financial situations. We can say that there is the oil producing countries group; its the group that has the highest GDP and the lowest unemployment rate, in which Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia belong to. Such countries got strongly hit by the crisis since they rely on the overseas investments, especially with the US and Europe (Drine, 2009).   The fall was severe for such countries since OPECs price of oil dropped down from $130 per barrel to $40 per barrel (Rivlin, 2009). This is one of the factors that had led to huge damages that we are going to discuss through this chapter; discussing the impact and reaction of t he Global Crisis 2008 over Bahrain, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia from the GCC. In addition to that, we are going to discuss the impacts and reactions of Turkey and Iran, in which Iran belong to the Middle East countries, but Turkey doesnt, but geographically, its located so close to it. For each country, we cover the situation before, as the occurrence of the crisis and then their attempts to overcome it according to points of view of different economists. Beginning with our own, the Kingdom Of Bahrain, we see that in the past 30 years, it has built its reputation as a financial services region hub (Ford, 2009). It proved to be more liable to the global banking finance in the region, about  ¼ of its GDP comes from the financial sector. 124 banks are established in Bahrain; 24 retail banks, 64 wholesale banks and 26 Islamic banks predominately investment banks. The blooming of Islamic banking is due to CBBs Central Bank of Bahrain which it placed much time and effort to attract new banks and firms, especially the Islamic banks (Matthew, 2009). Like most countries of the world, if not all, situations differed after it got struck by the crisis. As in October 9th 2008, the Prime Minister of Bahrain assured his highness King Hamad Bin Essa Al-Khalifa that the economy of Bahrain was safe because of the sound and clean financial and economic policies adopted by the government of Bahrain (IANS, 2008). However, this is not really the case as it showed later; some problems began to emerge as the result of getting hit by the crisis. Back in October 2008, about $2 billion loss was announced by GIB and ABC banks combined losses from investment that hit the subprime, which meant that Bahrain is one of the most exposed to the subprime assets (Matthew, 2009). In addition to that, Bahrains stock exchange closed down 2.70%, even though it is the least affected percentage among the key Gulf bourses. Some of Bahrains leading banks ( such as Investcorp that is listed by both London and Bahrain- got badly hit, it suffered a net loss of %511 million for 6 months at the end of Dec 2008). Lack of confidence was another problem; Rasheed Al-Maaraj (the governor of CBB Central bank of Bahrain-) stated that a lot of Banks have reported their results and we are confident about the quality of the banks, we do not see any problems yet on their loan profiles. Things have changed dramatically and one of the biggest changes, not only in Bah rain, but in the GCC and across global lack of confidence. Also, Bahrain got hit by the credit crisis not just in the banking sector, huge projects were delayed, such as Al Dur Power and Water project which was by GIS and KFH due to lack of finance, resulting in $2 billion losses (Ford, 2009).   As a natural response of any healthy business environment, the right thing to do is to find resolve those problems and overcome such obstacles. The government of Bahrain and CBB has introduced many measurements to minimize the downturn impact of the crisis. CBB has established a reform plan; it acted like a regulator to make series changes, and it seek to promote the country as an investment destination. Islamic Banking sector is a proposed key solution; this was highlighted by the Banker Magazine survey, which found that Bahrain has the biggest Islamic institutions in the world after the investment Dar of Kuwait (Ithmaar Bank, Arcapita Bank, Gulf Finance House and Islamic Company of the G ulf). (Ford, 2009).   In order to solve the lack of Confidence issue, the CBB aimed to offset the impact of capital outflows on liquidity by setting a scheme to allow banks to exchange their currency from US$ to Bahraini Dinars. However, this is not fully resolved since the Bahraini Dinar is linked to the US$. Sheikh Mohammed bin Essa Al-Khalifa (CEO of the Economic Developed funds) stated that The Major real estate development in Bahrain has been largely backed by Islamic banks and have not suffered from the most part of the credit crunch. In order to improve the credit flows, the banking sector was reformed and redesigned. CBB got involved with many investments and the creation of Islamic banks has increased their economical strength and power regarding their sustainability in long terms. (Matthew, 2009). So far, economists seem to be satisfied by the current economic situation in Bahrain. Moving to the west; to Bahrains good neighbor, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia. In general, the Arab countries have 20% of the whole worlds gas and oil, however, they are accounted for less than 5% of the worlds total exports of fuel (Rivlin, 2009).   The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the key oil producing Arab countries; it got blessed by and the economy bloomed after the discovery and production of oil, in which it started to have many huge investment and cash rich companies. As the crisis occurred and hit KSA in its way along with everyone else, the world witnessed a significant dropdown of oil prices, KSA had reduced their productions which led to affecting its oil revenue. This could mean the end of the current surpluses during the recent years. It also affected doing businesses with foreign companies that started to cost more and are no longer easily available as they used to be before the crisis. This had slowed down Saudi Arabias economic growth; caused delaying projects, and r esulted in the lack of confidence. In addition to that, long term policy issues in banking sector appeared; interbank rates had moved up sharply. Also, the stock markets have lost their attraction. Their %GDP had dropped from 28.4 in 2006 down to 24.9 in 2007. Their governments budget went under pressure, and noticeable inflation has appeared (Bourland, 2008). Apparently Saudi Arabias economy is relatively in a good shape, even after it got hit by the crisis and could easily adapt to the situation since they know what they should do, and   what are they going to apply. Mohammed Al-Jasser SAMAs governor- stated that: Our stimulus is mostly for oil production capacity enhancement and also large development projects were implementing. When the projects are finished, then we will reassess the need for additional spending. (Kuwait Times, 2009). SAMA- Saudi Arabia Monetary Agency- had lowered the repo rate and injected liquidity into the banks. One of the Saudi Arabias economical goals is based on completely shifting its focus of economic policy from controlling inflation to restoring confidence in the financial sector. Many companies in KSA are cash rich; thanks to their huge stock of assets, the government of KSA has an advantage over most countries in alleviating the impacts of extreme financial pressures caused by the crisis. The non-oil sector still has a chance for momentum growing, and thus, many projects can be carried out in spite of the existence of some obstacles. That caused, mainly, the limitation of access to higher costs that somewhat slows down the growth of private sectors than it was expected to be (Bourland, 2008). Also, KSA smartly had invested in large numbers in some upstream hydrocarbon projects to get more value from their oil. However, rather than completely relying their energy demands over oil and gas, they had investments in alternative energies so they can export more fuel (Rivlin, 2009).   Thus, based on that, we may assume that KS As economy is in pretty good shape. Going up to the north, there resides the State of Kuwait that once announced a five years $130 billion in an ambitious plan to grow its banking sector to be one of the financial centers in the GCC region before the business tragedy. However, lack of lucidity due to the global crisis, dramatic decrease of oil prices and having a rather poor business environment keeps Kuwait behind its rivals (which Bahrain is one of them). The banking sector in Kuwait has grown largely over the recent years, in which it increased from 2.3% of their nominal GDP in the late 80s to 11.8% GDP in 2007 (which is small compared to Bahrain). Kuwait relied on the high prices of Oil before the crisis occurred to rebus the private and public sector growth (BMI, 2008). The situation started to get bad once the crisis occurred. In 2008, as the global crisis occurred, Kuwaits banking sector fell down to 8.2%. The economy of Kuwait suffered and became under pressure, and the crisis raised interbank interest rates, w here the Central Bank of Kuwait considered this as a liquidity injection into a system. There have also been real estate curbs. (BMI, 2008). Kuwaits Gulf Bank suffered a total loss of $1.54 Billion during the same year. This forced the governments in the gulf to pump money into banks to salvage them (Drine, 2009). In addition to that, inflation reached 11% on June 2008, which was probably the result of the drop down of oil and commodity prices (EIU, 2008). Unlike the GCC currencies, the Kuwaiti Dinar is not paged to the US Dollar; therefore, due to its quasi-independence monetary policy, it shouldnt be dragged down by the US dollar. Sadly however, this flexibility only exists in theory.   Inflammation remained the same in Kuwait as the rest of the GCC. On Sept 23rd 2008, CBK Central Bank of Kuwait- stated to the press that theyll undertake the appropriate measures without hesitation. Itll provide necessary liquidity to any local banking institution. However, it didnt boost it muc h since there was low confidence in economy. It has also raised reserved requirements. The new suggested rule of limiting monthly loan installments from the previous 50% of borrowers salaries to 40% has controlled inflation. Kuwaiti Authorities tried to deal with inflation by active attempts to cut down the loan growth of late. It also has tried to urge lenders to restrict credit growth. (BMI, 2008). Also, the government institutions such as KIA -Kuwait Investment Agency- and the KPC -Kuwait Petroleum Corporation- in addition to the public Authority for Social security deposited their funds in some local commercial banks rather than holding them at the CBK. (EIU, 2008).   Yet, Is Kuwait going to be successful in overcoming the impact of the crisis? By November 2008, NBK National Bank of Kuwait announced a stunning 10.5% raise in 9 months profit, while the KFH (Kuwait Finance House) which is an Islamic Bank   has a 25% increase in profits for the same period of time (EIU, 2008) . Although Kuwait seems to have an opportunity in the banking sector and general business environment in the GCC, its three rivals are still ahead of it. It still has to make changes. However, Manaf Al-Hajeri General Manager of Kuwaits Financial Center Markaz- has a different point of view. He sees that within the next 10 years, the Middle East will still be highly attractive to banking investments, direct investments and asset management, thanks to its high sovereign reserves, favorable demographics and high house formations (MARKAZ, 2009). With such a contradiction in different point of views, the best way to get the accurate answer, to whether Kuwait is going to be successful in overcoming the impact of the global crisis is through an intensive field study. Our next stop resides to the east, The Islamic Republic Iran. Iran is economically isolated from the rest of the world, and thus, many people thought that Iran was secured from the global economic and financial crisis. But thats clearly not the case. The most critical issues that influenced Irans economy is that it heavily depended on the Oil revenues. As the oil prices searched the peak, Irans government was supposed to save a part of its income. However, it spent it all on subsidized lending, massive bank credits, imprudent social spending and substation imports. This phenomenon is known as the Dutch Disease. When the oil prices dropped badly due to the global crisis, Iran suddenly found itself facing a financial crunch. Also, the government of Iran controls more than 80% of its economy due to political reasons after the election of Ahmady Nijad which weakens its economy. In addition to that, the pressures of USAs government and its banks over Irans and the U.N. Security Council sa nctions made the situation even worse. In a healthy economy, the central bank should be independent from the government. However, this is not the current case in Iran, where Nijads government continues its interference in central bank affairs. (Amir, 2008).   As the crisis occurred, Irans economy had already suffered from many problems before the global crisis which made it more vulnerable to impacts of the crisis. Irans banks faced the same problems as its US rivals; they were severely hit by the crisis due to the non-repayment of house loans and that was caused by the decrease of the house prices which turned into the creation of the economic crisis. One of the signs of the impact in Iran is the 60% decrease in applying for constructing license and the complete stagnation in house trading. Abdoh Tabraizi, in a professional conference in Tehran University The Influence of Global Financial Crisis on Iran Economy stated that: the problem of the global economy accrued in Iran was du e to the decrease in house pricing. So, the people who bought the houses will not make their repayments and this happened because of the increase in food and petroleum prices (BBC, 2009). Due to the high dependency of Irans economy on oil revenue, it faced lack of liquidity as the oil prices dropped down, and its currency (the Toman) is facing a devaluation against the other currencies (Amir, 2008). The Republic of Iran denied the Global Crisis impacts over its economy and ignored all the economists warnings regarding its situation. It has no attempts in finding solutions to its current financial and economical situation (Amir, 2009). Leaving west to Europe, to the Republic of Turkey, where it actually faced an interesting event before the global crisis. In the years between 1990 and 2002, Turkey had experienced some very series crisiss that it had to confirm the Global crisis in 2007 through the stability of macroeconomic policies, structural reforms, social security reforms and employment packages that strengthen the financial sector giving it nowadays a strong economic structure compared to the past that could easily resist the impacts of the current global crisis. It had taken its lessons from the past and enabled them to be prepared for the global crisis. Therefore, since the first moment for the global crisis 2008 begins, it didnt touch Turkey very seriously. Turkeys banks didnt fail; all of the banks in Turkey could sustain themselves without any external support (Erdogan, 2009). As it got hit by the crisis from the day of 10 July 2007, in which it is the exact moment of the beginning of the crisis had affe cted Turkey seriously and until now it is still affecting it. Turkish currency showed the most resistance to the falling values comparing to the other currencies. It decreased only by 28% compared to the other currencies (e.g. 31%   Mexican Peso    Russian Ruble, 45% South Korean Won, 34% South African Rand, 40% UK à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤ ). (Erdogan, 2009). In other words, as Ayse Yuksel stated in an interview, Turkey is in a rather great shape compared to the USA, Europe and England itself, also had way less damage in funds and mortgages compared to the USA (Sakar, 2009).   As for the banking sector, instead of becoming a problem like other countries, it became a security value due to its previous experience (Erdogan, 2009).   Turkey had taken many steps to overcome the global crisis; mainly to prevent the liquidity problem. For example, the Turkish Central bank had taken decisions in order to support the markets and the internal demand through the implementation of the monetary p olicy; they took measurements to re-function the credit change in the economy. In addition to implementing temporarily tax reductions in certain sectors such as housing, automotive, electronics, etc, Turkey was able to successfully protect its employees. (Erdogan, 2009). Turkey had announced that there were no problems existed and no actions are warranted; and if were needed, it can inject liquidity into the market and attract the funds held by its citizens overseas account back to Turkey, that is, providing forging currency liquidity (Hurriyet Daily News, 2009). 3. Methodology The purpose of our paper is to determine the willingness and ability of decision makers in our selected five developing Middle Eastern countries to overcome the ongoing economic crisis. According to the nature of our research, we will follow two approaches for collecting the information needed for this research paper. We are going to distribute two types of questionnaires, one for decision makers (type 1) and the other for the public (type 2). Our target population will be selected from Bahrain and we will use quota sampling method of size 170 (70 for type 1 and 100 for type 2). The period for the distribution of the questionnaire will start from the month of November to December 2009. Also we will do an interview with a Bahraini decision maker. Secondly, We will gather information by conducting extensive studying of existing papers, journals and articles regarding our topic; analyzing and comparing all together to reach proper conclusions based on facts and numbers In Type 1 questionnaire, we will include questions in which we can extract from how the decision makers feel about the crisis and what are they going to do to overcome the crisis. And as for Type 2, we will include questions in which we can extract from how the public feel about the crisis and how they are affected by it; how they are going to measure the steps followed by the decision makers in their countries to overcome the crisis. In the two types, we will use quantitative and qualitative questions (from both types distributed) to get needed information to meet our goal. After distributing the questionnaire and analyzing the results using MS-Excel in addition to SPSS software, we will measure how the decision makers reacted towards the global economic crisis are. We have also collected further information by conducting an interview with one of the decision makers in Bahrain who works for a financial sector. 4. Challenges The most significant event in this decade is the Global Economic and Financial Crisis 2008, where no country was spared from its brutal hits and negative effects. After this crisis, economists categorized the countries into two main divisions: the rich countries that have the power to withstand the crisis due to having a huge amount of assets that plays the key role in the process of recovering the impacts of the crisis, whereas the other countries which are not rich, thereby considered poor or average countries are the main victims of the crisis in two aspects; firstly they dont have enough assets for their economy to get back to track. Secondly, the solution strategies taken by rich countries to overcome the crisis do not put them in consideration, keeping them the weakest link (Wade,2009), (Meyn et al, 2009).  Ã‚   This catastrophe, adaption to it and the attempts to recover from it, illustrated to the world the true essence of the health of each countrys economy. In addition to that, it showed how clever and serious the decision makers and governments are in dealing with it. On the other hand, it also points to intentions of decision makers.   We focused on the willingness of five selected Middle Eastern countries (The Kingdom Of Bahrain, Kingdom Saudi Arabia, State Of Kuwait, Islamic Republic of Iran, Republic of Turkey) how decision makers of these countries and governments are willing to recover from the impact of this economical crisis. What procedures have they taken and how successful will they are. Our selection is based on the different nature and situations of the economy of each of the selected countries, and their different political strategies and views. We spotlighted on the Kingdom of Bahrain in our paper by gathering data from the public and decision makes in Bahrain and conducting an interview with a chosen decision maker in order to obtain most accurate result as possible. In addition to analyzing and comparing the published articles an d journals .On the other hand when we consider other countries, we limit our data resources to the existing articles, papers and journals from different  Ã‚  Ã‚   sources to discover the most accurate data that we will build our result on. Thats due to time and geographical constraints.   As a result of this paper, we will categorize the selected countries into those who are willing to recover from the crisis and those who are not. Our main audience is the decision makers, who can take benefits of this paper in evaluating their decisions, adapt it, and change it to make better solutions. Also the public can use the result of this paper to know the correct economic situation of their country, and how their governments are honest in announcing the economic state and whether they are serious to recover from this crisis, as a result they may press on their government to make major steps toward making better solutions. Unfortunately, we have a very limited time to complete the paper while such a research requires much longer time for more accurate data collection. We are enforced to submit the paper by the end of December 2009. Also, we cant reach decision makers because they are hard to find in such a short notice. In addition to that, we are limited to do our questionnaire in Bahrain only due to the geographical limitation. We will try to expand the scope of the questionnaire to include the concerned countries using emails, internet and online technology. 5. Proposed Solution According to the nature of our paper, and the geographical and time constraints, in order to achieve our goal, we will apply two approaches for gathering and analyzing information. The first one will apply to all our selected countries in which it highly depends on comparing and analyzing each countries economists and decision makers statements to sold facts and numbers, including (GDP growth, Oil GDP growth, PCI inflation) which considered to be the most significant signs of the country economical situation,  Ã‚   from neutral international organizations -including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) -. As for the second approach that involves Bahrain only in which we contacted two types of questionnaires and an interview with a decision maker as an add up to the previous approach.   In order to identify whether the financial and economical situation in a country is recovering from the crisis, there are indicators (are known as Economy Indicators) that show whether its improvi ng, stable or turning down. Thus, our questionnaire and interview must be based on it. There are many indicators, but we will consider only on the important ones that are applicable to the business and economy to the countries that we elected. Some of the major indicators (Barnes, 2007, Investopedia ULC) include the following: Consumer Confidence Index (CCI): it shows how healthy the financial situation and determines the expenditures of economy by illustrating the spending power and confidences of consumers. Consumer Credit Report: it indicates the future spending over personal levels and it shows the changing amounts of outstanding loans on individuals. This includes (total debts, current annual rate of growth or decline, and total percentage of credit card delinquencies). It is considered as a major factor that helps to make more than the half of the total GDP. Consumer Price Index (CPI): is seen as a guide for inflation. It focuses on products that consumers buy and use on daily basis. CPI reflects the prices of goods in the markets, and its an important indicator in terms of moving the market and setting the monetary policy. Durable Goods: this involves high priced goods that last for three years, such as machinery, technology manufacturing, cars and other vehicles which indicates general economic expansions.   Employee Cost Index (ECI): it indicates the percentage of changes in employees salaries, bounces, and benefits in terms of wages per hours. It calculates the total cost of employees for a business. Employment Situation:   this indicates employment and unemployment rate. Its useful to understand the state of labor force.   This indicator could move the market dramatically. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): its an aggregate measure of the total economic production for a country. It is one of the most important indicators that illustrates the health of economy and, depending on it, prices of good and services are set in a certain country. It involve s personal consumption, investments, government expenditures, and the exports in a particular country. Existing Home Sales and Housing Starts: are two indicators that come in conjunctions, and this, illustrates the housing market in general. Those are long term indictors that show how many houses are sold. It deals with construction level, which means it shows also supply needed for it, and it shows the demand of consumers and comes in pretty handy in real estate markets. Money Supply: it is the amount of money floating around the economy and it is available for spending. It is controlled by the Central Bank of the country. Money Supply is based on how liquid the money is, which can directly affect economic growth and inflation. Mutual Funds Flows: this is an important concept in which to understand stocks and bond marketing. Non-Manufacturing activities: they involve service industries, such as telecommunications, in which they provide insight into the business area that may not be covered by other indicators. Product Price Index (PPI): its an index to the prices measured by the wholesalers, producers, and retailers that are considered the most powerful contributors to the consumer markets. The index comes in three levels: PPI Commodity Index that involves certain commodities such as crude oil; PPI stage of processing (SOP) Index where products are in an intermediate stage; and PPI Industry Index that involves the final stage and finished manufacturing of the products. And finally, theres the Trade Balance Report: it indicates the health of the economy of a country and its relationships with the rest of the world (Barnes, 2007). Our goal is to get a clear full view of the economy in a country. So, we designed two types of questionnaires, one for aimed for decision makers (type 1) and the other is aimed for the public (type 2), in which both questionnaires are based on economic indicators that we mentioned earlier. For both questionnaires, the methodology is CATI -Computer Aided Telephone Interview-, online form, paper forms, the framework timing is 2 21 December 2009, regarding samples, our goal is at least 69 for each type, our sampling method is quota, and our geographical coverage: Kingdom of Bahrain. In Type 1 questionnaire, we